Treatment of Hepatitis B infection is available with the help of existing drugs but the eradication of HBV infection is still under pipeline. The application of novel drugs and gene based therapies for HBV infection is need of the hour however the lack of efficient cell culture system, animal models for viral infection and replication acts as a major obstacle for novel therapies.

The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system is necessary for the maintenance of genomic stability. The MMR system promotes genomic fidelity by repairing base-base mismatches, insertion-deletion loops (IDLs) and heterologies generated during DNA replication and recombination. Failure to accomplish these functions may lead to cancer and are associated with tumor prone phenotypes.

Mutation in a single nucleotide of a gene has the potential to change the structure and/or function of its protein. Albeit simply saying, it is not observed to be a general phenomenon. The effect of mutation is primarily determined by the stereochemical nature of the amino acid which has replaced the previous amino acid, resulting in the residue location being affected

In the post genomic era when several proteomes are on the verge of completion, promising field of protein based diagnostic techniques is emerging. It is very essential to know the details of its mechanism. PTN is also involved in cellular signaling. The detail of such an event is still not clear. Controlling of cellular signaling is only possible if nitration and denitraton is a dynamic, regulated and reversible process.

We hypothesized that quantitative tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomics, incorporating rapid microwave and magnetic sample preparation (M2 proteomics), might enable relative protein expression to be correlated to childhood B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cytogenetic subtypes, corresponding to low-risk (ETV6-RUNX1) and high-risk (MLL-R) subtypes.

Protein tyrosine nitration (PTN) is a post-translational modification that occurs under the action of Nitric oxide (NO) which leads to the formation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS). RNS reacts with tyrosine residues in proteins to form nitrotyrosine. PTN has lately been related to neurodegenerative diseases. It is very essential to know the details of its mechanism.